Decay of Thermal Tolerance in Queensland Fruit Fly Eggs (Bactrocera tryoni, Diptera: Tephritidae) Following Non-Lethal Heat Hardening.

Quarantine disinfestation treatments for Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)) have been developed which use high temperatures to kill preimaginal life stages within fruit prior to export. However, thermal tolerance of individuals can be increased if they are exposed to elevated temperatures before disinfestation treatment. The rate that this thermal conditioning decays after exposure, and the effect of temperature on this decay process, were investigated.

Irrigation water quality influences heavy metal uptake by willows in biosolids.

Phytoextraction is an effective method to remediate heavy metal contaminated landscapes but is often applied for single metal contaminants. Plants used for phytoextraction may not always be able to grow in drier environments without irrigation. This study investigated if willows (Salix x reichardtii A.

Native Australian species are effective in extracting multiple heavy metals from biosolids.

Selecting native plant species with characteristics suitable for extraction of heavy metals may have multiple advantages over non-native plants. Six Australian perennial woody plant species and one willow were grown in a pot trial in heavy metal-contaminated biosolids and a potting mix. The plants were harvested after fourteen months and above-ground parts were analysed for heavy metal concentrations and total metal contents.

140 H/D isotopomers identified by long-range NMR hyperfine shifts in ruthenium(III) ammine complexes. Hyperconjugation in Ru-NH3 bonding.

(1)H NMR spectra of the paramagnetic cyanide-bridged mixed-valence compound [(η(5)-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(μ-CN)Ru(NH3)5](CF3SO3)3 (I) have been obtained in several solvents. When traces of partially deuterated water are present, instead of a single cyclopentadienyl (Cp) resonance shifted by the hyperfine interaction, numerous well-resolved resonances are observed. The spectra were simulated satisfactorily by giving the appropriate statistical weight to 140 possible H/D isotopomers formed by deuteration in the five ruthenium(III) ammine ligands.

Solvent and metal dependent (1)H NMR hyperfine shifts in paramagnetic pentaamminemetal cyanide-bridged mixed-valence complexes.

(1)H NMR resonances, in several aprotic solvents, are reported for axial and equatorial ammonias coordinated to a single spin paramagnetic centre in the Robin-Day Class II cyanide-bridged mixed-valence cations [(OC)(5)Cr(μ-CN)M(NH(3))(5)](2+) (M = Ru, Os) as well as in the complex [(OC)(5)Re(μ-CN)Ru(NH(3))(5)](3+), whose synthesis and properties are reported herein. Using the appropriate isotropic hexaammine complex as a reference, the chemical shift difference between the ammonia protons, δ(ax) - δ(eq), is found to be very sensitive to the paramagnetic metal (M), the remote diamagnetic metal (Cr or Re) and also to the donor properties of the solvent (as well as the counter-ion) as a result of hydrogen bonding interactions. The difference varies linearly with the MMCT energy, and in [(OC)(5)Re(μ-CN)Ru(NH(3))(5)](3+) can be tuned from positive (δ(ax) > δ(eq)) to negative (δ(ax) < δ(eq)) through zero (δ(ax) = δ(eq)) by the choice of solvent.