Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study.

Background: This study evaluates retinal oxygen saturation and vessel density within the macula and correlates these measures in controls and subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM) with (DMR) and without (DMnR) retinopathy. Changes in retinal oxygen saturation have not been evaluated regionally in diabetic patients.

Methods: Data from seventy subjects (28 controls, 26 DMnR, and 16 DMR were analyzed.

Stereoview Images of Hydrogen-Bonded Quinoxalines with a Helical Axis; Pyrimidines and a Pyridazine That Form Extended Tapes.

Different supramolecular motifs are formed by the crystallisation of amino-substituted derivatives of quinoxaline, pyrimidine and pyridazine. These were made from the corresponding mono- or dichlorinated heterocycles by a nucleophilic displacement reaction. The pyridine-type nitrogen atoms activate the chlorine atoms because they can stabilise a negative charge, which forms when the amine attacks the ring.

Alzheimer disease-like neuropathologic changes in a geriatric baboon ().

Importance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly with the incidence rising exponentially after the age of 65 years. Unfortunately, effective treatments are extremely limited and definite diagnosis can only be made at autopsy. This is in part due to our limited understanding of the complex pathophysiology, including the various genetic, environmental, and metabolic contributing factors.

Provision of oral medicine in Scottish oral and maxillofacial surgery units: where are we and where are we going?

Introduction Oral medicine (OM) care occupies a significant quantity of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) outpatient clinical time. This survey aims to examine the current provision of OM care in OMFS units and explore opinions on how to improve the delivery of OM services across Scotland.Method An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to all (33) OMFS consultants in Scotland.

Sequential Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Activated Halogens.

Building blocks have been identified that can be functionalised by sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Some examples are reported that involve the formation of cyclic benzodioxin and phenoxathiine derivatives from 4,5-difluoro-1,2-dinitrobenzene, racemic quinoxaline thioethers, and sulfones from 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline and (2-aminophenylethane)-2,5-dithiophenyl-4-nitrobenzene from 1-(2-aminophenylethane)-2-fluoro-4,5-dinitrobenzene. Four X-ray single-crystal structure determinations are reported, two of which show short intermolecular N-ON "π hole" contacts.