Persulfate Reaction in a Hair-Bleaching Formula: Unveiling the Unconventional Reactivity of 1,13-Diamino-4,7,10-Trioxatridecane.

The stability and unconventional reactivity of 1,13-diamino-4,7,10-trioxatridecane in the presence of NH, HO, and (NH)SO are described. The ether-diamine is an ingredient marketed to hair salons and consumers for so-called "plex" services to compensate for hair damage during bleaching. The main reaction product identified is an unexpected azanyl ester derivative.

Identification and characterization of vinylpyrrolidone-vinylimidazolium chloride copolymers in cosmetic products by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Synopsis Commercially available copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, known as 'Luviquat' types in the cosmetic industry, were analysed for their composition using a combination of pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. This is a report on the determined pyrolytic products and the fast identification of the analysed polymers both in raw materials and cosmetic products. Calibration with defined material ensures the determination of monomer ratios with good reproducibility.

The anatomy of the skin and fascial layers of the face in aesthetic surgery.

The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) has been described as a discrete fascial layer that divides the subcutaneous fat into two distinct layers. The authors discuss the anatomic significance of this system in facial aesthetic surgery.

Disturbances in neuronal migration and laminar cortical organization associated with multicystic encephalopathy in the Pena-Shokeir syndrome.

The Pena-Shokeir syndrome is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, camptodactyly, multiple ankyloses, facial anomalies and pulmonary hypoplasia. The condition is thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. A detailed neuropathological analysis of the brain of a stillborn full-term male infant who exhibited the gross features of the Pena-Shokeir syndrome revealed diffuse bilateral cerebral polymicrogyria associated with multicystic encephalopathy.

Effects of zinc ion on the conformation of antigenic determinants on insulin.

Comparison of c.d. spectra of Zn-insulin with Zn2+-free insulin demonstrated significant differences.