Seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies in Nigeria: refining strategies to sustain the eradication effort.

Introduction: in 2016, a switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (containing serotypes 1,2,3) to bivalent OPV (types 1,3) was implemented globally. We assessed the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibody levels in selected Nigerian states, before and after the switch, documented poliovirus type2 outbreak responses conducted and ascertained factors associated with immunity gaps based on seroprevalence rates.

Methods: we conducted a secondary analysis of stored serum samples from the 2018 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey.

Using Follow-Up Telephone Calls to Identify Obstacles to Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.

Background: Despite advances in antiemetic regimens, uncontrolled chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a problem for patients receiving oncology treatment, leading to decreased quality of life and worse treatment outcomes.

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot project was to use follow-up telephone calls to identify barriers related to successful management and prevention of CINV on a single-center outpatient chemotherapy infusion unit.

Methods: A mixed-methods descriptive design was used for this project.

Late Acheulean occupations at Montagu Cave and the pattern of Middle Pleistocene behavioral change in Western Cape, southern Africa.

Patterns of so-called modern human behavior are increasingly well documented in an abundance of Middle Stone Age archaeological sites across southern Africa. Contextualized archives directly preceding the southern African Middle Stone Age, however, remain scarce. Current understanding of the terminal Acheulean in southern Africa derives from a small number of localities that are predominantly in the central and northern interior.

The first Miocene fossils from coastal woodlands in the southern East African Rift.

The Miocene was a key time in the evolution of African ecosystems witnessing the origin of the African apes and the isolation of eastern coastal forests through an expanding arid corridor. Until recently, however, Miocene sites from the southeastern regions of the continent were unknown. Here, we report the first Miocene fossil teeth from the shoulders of the Urema Rift in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.

Polymer-nucleobase composites for chemotherapy drug capture.

Intravenous chemotherapy (, doxorubicin (DOX)) is standard treatment for many cancers but also leads to side effects due to off-target toxicity. To address this challenge, devices for removing off-target chemotherapy agents from the bloodstream have been developed, but the efficacy of such devices relies on the ability of the underlying materials to specifically sequester small-molecule drugs. Anion-exchange materials, genomic DNA, and DNA-functionalized iron oxide particles have all been explored as drug-capture materials, but cost, specificity, batch-to-batch variation, and immunogenicity concerns persist as challenges.