Hispanic neuropsychologists in the United States: What do we know about them and how can the field address their needs?

Background: Despite numerous calls throughout the years for an increase in ethnic, cultural, and racial diversity within the field of psychology, it remains an elusive reality for Hispanic neuropsychology practitioners in the United States (U.S.).

Multivariate Base Rates of Low Scores on Tests of Learning and Memory Among Latino Adult Populations.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of low scores for two neuropsychological tests with five total scores that evaluate learning and memory functions.

Method: N = 5402 healthy adults from 11 countries in Latin America and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico were administered the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R). Two-thirds of the participants were women, and the average age was 53.

Normative data for verbal fluency in healthy Latin American adults: Letter M, and fruits and occupations categories.

Objective: To generate normative data for the verbal fluency tests (VFT-letter M, fruits, and occupations categories) in Spanish-speaking adult populations, with country-specific adjustments for age, education, and sex when appropriate.

Method: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults from 11 countries in Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico; sample size per country ranged between n = 184 and n = 1,300). Each participant was administered the VFT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Trail Making Test: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 3,337 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.

Stroop Color-Word Interference Test: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population.

Objective: To generate normative data for the Stroop Word-Color Interference test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

Method: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Stroop Word-Color Interference test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery.