Return to Sport After Treatment of Stable Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Background: Treatment of stable osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee in young patients poses the challenge of abstaining from competitive sports for months. Outcomes relevant to this patient population additionally include successful return to sport (RTS), return to the same level of sport, and the time needed to achieve both.

Purpose: To evaluate the adolescent population for RTS outcomes after treatment of stable OCD lesions of the knee and to compare RTS outcomes between patients treated nonoperatively and those who required surgery.

Effects of snake fungal disease (ophidiomycosis) on the skin microbiome across two major experimental scales.

Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global biodiversity conservation. Elucidating the relationship between pathogens and the host microbiome could lead to novel approaches for mitigating disease impacts. Pathogens can alter the host microbiome by inducing dysbiosis, an ecological state characterized by a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity, an increase in pathobionts, or a shift in beta diversity.

Canker and dieback of is caused by .

Understanding the ecology of pathogens is important for disease management. Recently a devastating canker disease was found on red alder () planted as landscape trees. Bacteria were isolated from two groups of symptomatic trees located approximately 1 kilometer apart and one strain from each group was used to complete Koch's postulates.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery and robotic-assisted first-rib excision and thoracic outlet syndrome decompression.

Multiple surgical approaches have been used in the management of thoracic outlet syndrome. These approaches have traditionally been "open" approaches and have been associated with the inherent morbidities of an open approach, including a risk of injury to the neurovascular structures due to traction and trauma while resecting the first rib. In addition, there has been concern that recurrence of symptoms may be related to incomplete resection of the rib with conventional open techniques.