Methodology of measuring postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an adverse outcome that impacts patients' quality of life. Its diagnosis relies on formal cognitive testing performed before and after surgery. The substantial heterogeneity in methodology limits comparability and meta-analysis of studies.

Physostigmine for prevention of postoperative delirium and long-term cognitive dysfunction in liver surgery: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Background: Anecdotally, cholinergic stimulation has been used to treat delirium and reduce cognitive dysfunction.

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate whether physostigmine reduced the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing liver resection.

Design: This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Presurgical cognitive impairment is associated with postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Presurgical cognitive impairment (PreCI) is frequently seen in older age, but the influence on postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the association between PreCI, POD and POCD with special focus to different PreCI domains.

Methods: We analyzed 934 patients with complete baseline neurocognitive assessment.

C-reactive protein for risk prediction of post-operative delirium and post-operative neurocognitive disorder.

Background: Post-operative delirium (POD) and post-operative neurocognitive disorder (NCD) are frequently seen in the elderly. Development of biomarkers for pre-operative risk prediction is of major relevance. As inflammation present before surgery might predispose to POD and post-operative NCD development, we aim to determine associations between pre-operative C-reactive protein (CRP) and the incidence of POD and post-operative NCD.

Association of obesity, diabetes and hypertension with cognitive impairment in older age.

Background: Age-related cognitive impairment is rising in prevalence but is not yet fully characterized in terms of its epidemiology. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of obesity, diabetes and hypertension as candidate risk factors.

Methods: Original baseline data from 3 studies (OCTOPUS, DECS, SuDoCo) were obtained for secondary analysis of cross-sectional associations of diabetes, hypertension, blood pressure, obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m) and BMI with presence of cognitive impairment in log-binomial regression analyses.