Coagulation profiles during and after anabolic androgenic steroid use: data from the HAARLEM study.

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are thought to increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk.

Objectives: We investigated whether AAS influence coagulation parameters associated with VTE by assessing their changes during and after AAS use.

Methods: The HAARLEM study enrolled 100 male amateur athletes voluntarily starting an AAS cycle between 2015 and 2018.

Predictors of Ongoing Androgen Abuse. A Prospective 2-year Follow up of 100 Male Androgen Abusers.

Background: The abuse of androgens is common among visitors to fitness centers. Prospective data regarding patterns of androgen abuse and predictors of future use are not well studied.

Methods: This is a 2-year prospective observational cohort study among 100 male androgen abusers.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids: How do they work and what are the risks?

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview on how these hormones work and what side effects they might elicit. We discuss how AAS are absorbed into the circulation after intramuscular injection or oral ingestion and how they are subsequently transported to the tissues, where they will move into the extravascular compartment and diffuse into their target cells.

Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse and testicular function in men; recent insights.

The use of illegal androgens by young men is not uncommon. The majority of users take multiple courses of androgens during their lifetime, leading to a high cumulative exposure. An inseparable side effect is suppression of gonadal function.