Publications by authors named "W Pfau"

Remittances can potentially help to promote economic development by providing a mechanism to share risks, reduce poverty and improve equality. However, from the viewpoint of economic theory the overall impacts of remittances are uncertain, as different mechanisms lead to opposite impacts. Since the 1990s Vietnam has experienced a dramatic growth in remittance flows from abroad.

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It was the aim of this study to examine the association of the consumption of meat in general, meat prepared by different cooking methods and the dietary intake of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA) with the level of DNA adducts in the breast tissue of women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. Dietary intake of meat and HCA were assessed via questionnaire in 44 women undergoing reduction mammoplasty. DNA adduct analysis in breast tissue was performed by (32)P-postlabelling analysis.

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Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) have been shown to induce tumours at various organ sites in experimental animal studies and high levels of dietary intake of HAA have been associated with increased cancer risk in humans. These HAA are formed in meat upon heating from precursors such as amino acids, reducing sugars and creatine or creatinine. Groups of ten Duroc and ten Landrace pigs received feed supplemented with creatine monohydrate (CMH) for five days prior to slaughter at dose levels of 12.

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A short-term effect of a meal of fried meat is a postprandial induction of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 activity. In order to identify the components responsible for this effect we investigated the potency of food derived genotoxic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HA) to induce CYP1A1 in vitro. In two cell lines, the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, we investigated 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAC), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and Harman representing the different classes of HA at concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M.

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2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAalphaC) and 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AalphaC) are mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed during ordinary cooking. MeAalphaC and AalphaC are activated to mutagenic metabolites by cytochrome P450-mediated N-oxidation to the corresponding N2-OH derivatives. The proximate mutagenic N2-OH derivatives of MeAalphaC and AalphaC did not react with deoxynucleosides or DNA.

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