Anti-Interleukin-23 Treatment Linked to Improved Infection Survival.

is a leading cause of healthcare associated infection and an unacceptably high proportion of patients with infection die despite conventional antibiotic treatment. Host-directed immunotherapy has been proposed as an ideal treatment modality for infection to mitigate the underlying toxin-mediated pathogenic immune response while sparing protective gut microbes. Interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody inhibitors are used extensively to control pro-inflammatory Th17 immune pathways in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease that are similarly important during infection.

The IL-33/ST2 signaling axis drives pathogenesis in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains a significant threat to global public health. Immunopathological damage plays a role in driving pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiorgan failure in severe COVID-19. Therefore, dissecting the pulmonary immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to understand disease pathogenesis and identify immune pathways targetable by therapeutic intervention.

Enhanced immunogenicity of a TcdB vaccine adjuvanted with a synthetic dual-TLR ligand adjuvant.

We report a comprehensive evaluation of the toxin B (TcdB) vaccine adjuvanted with a dual Toll-like receptor ligand liposome adjuvant for infection (CDI). The vaccine completely protected mice from a lethal infection. Compared to alum adjuvanted TcdB, it generated functionally superior systemic antibodies and supported strong memory B cell and gut IgA responses.

FMT Restores Colonic Protein Biosynthesis and Cell Proliferation in Patients with Recurrent Disease.

Recurrent infection (CDI) is a major health threat with significant mortality and financial costs. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy, however the mechanisms by which it acts, particularly on the host, are poorly understood. Here we enrolled a prospective cohort of human patients with recurrent CDI (n=16) undergoing FMT therapy.