Endurance exercise with and without a thermal clamp: effects on leukocytes and leukocyte subsets.

To test how leukocyte responses to endurance exercise were modified by clamping body temperature, nine men (27.3 +/- 6.0 yr) completed four 80-min immersions to midchest at water temperatures of 23 or 39 degrees C; two tests included 40-min of cycle ergometer exercise at 65% of aerobic power.

Anabolic steroids in sport.

The use of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) for enhancing athletic performance and body image is widespread. An increasing number of elite and recreational athletes of varying ages and athletic pursuits are using AAS. Sophisticated patterns of AAS use are supported by unethical and illegal distribution channels.

Tissue temperature profile in the human forearm during thermal stress at thermal stability.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a range of water temperatures (Tw from 15 to 36 degrees C) on the tissue temperature profile of the resting human forearm at thermal stability. Tissue temperature (Tti) was continuously monitored by a calibrated multicouple probe during 3 h of immersion of the forearm. The probe was implanted approximately 9 cm distal from the olecranon process along the ulnar ridge.