Frequency of somatic and germline variants of predisposition genes in young Chinese women with breast cancer.

Purpose: Age stratification influences the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of breast cancer. We aimed to understand the effect of age on gene variants in young Chinese women with breast cancer compared with those from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Methods: Enrolled patients ≤ 40 years old (N = 370) underwent germline or somatic genetic testing using a 32-gene hereditary cancer panel at Fujian Union Hospital.

Transition from multi-year La Niña to strong El Niño rare but increased under global warming.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a strong asymmetry between warm El Niño and cold La Niña in amplitude and temporal evolution. An El Niño often leads to a heat discharge in the equatorial Pacific conducive to its rapid termination and transition to a La Niña, whereas a La Niña persists and recharges the equatorial Pacific for consecutive years preconditioning development of a subsequent El Niño, as occurred in 2020-2023. Whether the multiyear-long heat recharge increases the likelihood of a transition to a strong El Niño remains unknown.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is limited by the lack of comprehensive models closely resembling human pathology. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) 3-dimensional (3D) models, such as brain organoids and neurospheres, are emerging as innovative approaches to model neurodegenerative diseases in vitro. However, they rely on hiPSC self-organization and are therefore characterized by low reproducibility and homogeneity.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Murine models of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have resulted in numerous discoveries leading to a better understanding of AD pathogenesis but results poorly translated to novel treatment options. Over the past years, iPSC-derived human neuronal cultures have been developed to better model AD in vitro. One key hallmark of AD is the presence of insoluble Aß plaques in the brain.

Fatigue in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the global diagnosis rate of inflammatory bowel disease among children and adolescents. In inactive disease states, fatigue has emerged as the most debilitating symptom, while in active disease states, it ranks second. However, there remains a notable lack of understanding regarding fatigue in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients.