Jacob: the other Flexner.

Jacob Flexner, the elder of his better-known siblings, Simon and Abraham, provided critical support and guidance to his brothers, paving the way for their subsequent successes.

Creation, evaluation, and continuing assurance of excellence of the certified surgical specialist.

A position paper on the subject of certified surgical specialists was published in 1966 under the direction of Professor Charles Wells of Liverpool, England. President John Terblanche of the International Federation of Surgical Colleges brought together leaders in surgical education from four nations (Australia, Japan, South Africa, United States) to update current "state-of-the art" views. Presentations were made at the 38th Congress of the International Society of Surgery, August 18, 1999 in Vienna, Austria.