Human health and chemical mixtures: an overview.

Unlike laboratory animals, people are rarely exposed to a single hazardous chemical. However, most of the information documenting adverse human health effects from environmental and occupational contaminants has come from studies focused on exposure to single chemicals, and there is little information available on how two or more contaminants affect humans. Most information on the effects of mixtures comes from animal systems and limited investigations of isolated human cells in culture, even though the study of mixtures in such systems has also been neglected.

PCBs reduce long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus.

Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with a lower IQ in childhood. We have examined the effects of acute exposure to PCB mixtures and two single congeners on synaptic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 neurons of the rat hippocampus as well as posttetanic potentiation (PTP), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), and long-term potentiation (LTP). PTP and PPF represent transient increases in transmitter release immediately after stimulation, while LTP is a measure of long-term changes in synaptic plasticity that has been related to learning and memory.

Peroneal subluxation: a comprehensive review of the literature with case presentations.

Subluxation of the peroneal tendons is a rare injury that is often misdiagnosed. This injury is usually related to and often accompanied by lateral ankle ligament sprains. A comprehensive review of the literature, as well as two cases of surgically treated subluxing peroneal tendons will be presented.