Using trend arrows in continuous glucose monitoring systems for insulin adjustment in clinical practice: Brazilian Diabetes Society Position Statement.

This manuscript reports the Brazilian Diabetes Society Position Statement for insulin adjustments based on trend arrows observed in continuous glucose monitoring systems. The Brazilian Diabetes Society supports the utilization of trend arrows for insulin dose adjustments in patients with diabetes on basal-bolus insulin therapy, both with multiple daily insulin doses or insulin pumps without closed-loop features. For those on insulin pumps with predictive low-glucose suspend feature, we suggest that only upward trend arrows should be used for adjustments.

Value of Infrared Thermography Camera Attached to a Smartphone for Evaluation and Follow-up of Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). The Clinical Activity Score (CAS) has been widely used to evaluate GO inflammation severity and response to treatment; however, it is quite subjective. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a portable and low-cost device to evaluate local temperature and assess inflammation.

Short-acting insulin analogues versus regular human insulin on postprandial glucose and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Strict glucose control using multiple doses of insulin is the standard treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but increased risk of hypoglycemia is a frequent drawback. Regular insulin in multiple doses is important for achieving strict glycemic control for T1DM, but short-acting insulin analogues may be better in reducing hypoglycemia and postprandial glucose levels.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of short-acting insulin analogues regular human insulin on hypoglycemia and postprandial glucose in patients with T1DM.

Insulin therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis in the pre-diabetes stage: a systematic review.

Objective: To elucidate whether insulin is effective or not in patients with cystic fibrosis before the diabetes mellitus phase.

Data Source: The study was performed according to the Prisma method between August and September 2014, using the PubMed, Embase, Lilacs and SciELO databases. Prospective studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish from 2002 to 2014, evaluating the effect of insulin on weight parameters, body mass index and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis, with a mean age of 17.

A new compound heterozygosis for inactivating mutations in the glucokinase gene as cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) in double-first cousins.

Background: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare disorder, characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia diagnosed during the first 6 months of life. In general, PNDM has a genetic origin and most frequently it results from heterozygous mutations in KCNJ11, INS and ABCC8 genes. Homozygous or compound heterozygous inactivating mutations in GCK gene as cause of PNDM are rare.