Interlaboratory studies with a proposed patch test design to evaluate the irritation potential of surfactants.

Background: Development of cosmetic products and household detergents necessitates comparative study designs to assess the skin tolerance of products. In initial tests, the epicutaneous patch test for irritation is widely used.

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a protocol that would facilitate a comparison of results obtained when tests are conducted by different laboratories.

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect with a new self centering device ("angel wings").

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy, and clinical application of a new self centering device ("angel wings") for closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD II) and persistent foramen ovale in all age groups.

Design: Multicentre, prospective, nonrandomised study.

Inclusion Criteria: defects with an occlusive diameter of < or = 20 mm and a surrounding rim of > 4 mm; body weight > 10 kg; and an indication for surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect.

Transvenous closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Ivalon plugs. Multicenter experience with a new technique.

Rationale And Objective: The authors assess the clinical efficacy of transvenous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a new plug consisting of Ivalon foam and a platinum/iridium frame with four aortic and two pulmonary nitinol struts. The most widely used devices for transcatheter treatment of PDA (Porstmann plug, Rashkind umbrella, Botallo occluder, coils) have specific limitations inherent to their design (e.g.