Nicotine suppresses central post-stroke pain via facilitation of descending noradrenergic neuron through activation of orexinergic neuron.

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a type of central neuropathic pain, whose underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO)-induced CPSP model mice showed mechanical hypersensitivity and decreased mRNA levels of preproorexin, an orexin precursor, in the hypothalamus. Recently, nicotine was shown to regulate the neuronal activity of orexin in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Evaluation of FAU-type Zeolite Membrane Stability in Transesterification Reaction Conditions.

The transesterification conversion of methyl ether can be enhanced by the removal of the byproduct methanol using methanol permselective faujasite (FAU-type) zeolite membranes. However, the authors previously observed that the methanol flux during the transesterification reaction was lower than the predicted flux. Therefore, this study investigated the stability of FAU-type zeolite membranes in the presence of organic components associated with the transesterification reaction of methyl hexanoate and 1-hexanol.

Development of Methanol Permselective FAU-Type Zeolite Membranes and Their Permeation and Separation Performances.

The separation of non-aqueous mixtures is important for chemical production, and zeolite membranes have great potential for energy-efficient separation. In this study, the influence of the framework structure and composition of zeolites on the permeation and separation performance of methanol through zeolite membranes were investigated to develop a methanol permselective zeolite membrane. As a result, the FAU-type zeolite membrane prepared using a solution with a composition of 10 SiO:1 AlO:17 NaO:1000 HO showed the highest permeation flux of 86,600 μmol m s and a separation factor of 6020 for a 10 wt% methanol/methyl hexanoate mixture at 353 K.

Influence of Organic Solvent Species on Dehydration Behaviors of NaA-Type Zeolite Membrane.

In this study, an NaA-type zeolite membrane was prepared, and the dehydration performances of the membrane were determined by the pervaporation for several organic solvents to understand the lower dehydration performances of zeolite membranes for NMP solutions than those for alcohols. For a 90 wt% ethanol solution at 348 K, the permeation flux and separation factor of the membrane were 3.82 kg m h and 73,800, respectively.