Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring.

Background And Aims: Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011-17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data.

Design: Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017.

Severe clinical toxicity caused by 25I-NBOMe confirmed analytically using LC-MS-MS method.

Rhabdomyolysis is a relatively rare, but potentially serious complication of various diseases. Muscular injury and resultant release of electrolytes, myoglobin and other enzymatic proteins e.g.

Elevated hydroxylactam of hemopyrrole level in urine in perpetrators of extremely violent acts diagnosed with psychosis.

Objectives: Hydroxylactam of hemopyrrole (HPL) is an abnormal side product of porphyrin biosynthetic pathway, which may have a devastating impact on the behavior. The link between an aggressive behavior and an increased HPL level was postulated in the 1960s. Further researches concerning HPL brought contrary results and did not clarify its function and possible role in the pathogenesis of aggression.

The effects of synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 on the human body-A review of 39 cases.

UR-144 [(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone] is a synthetic cannabinoid, which has been detected in many 'legal highs', seized from the global drug market since the beginning of 2012. It has gained popularity as a 'legal' alternative to classic cannabis in countries where it was not controlled. Despite the widespread distribution of this substance, the data on its effects on the human body are scarce.

3-Methylmethcathinone--Interpretation of Blood Concentrations Based on Analysis of 95 Cases.

3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) has been one of the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS) in Poland in recent years. 3-MMC was found in blood in 95 cases sent to the Institute of Forensic Research (IFR) during the two and a half year period, from 2013 to half of 2015. 3-MMC was determined in 13 and 48 cases in 2013 and 2014 year-round casework, respectively, while only in the first half of 2015 year it was present in 34 cases.