Cancer immunoediting hypothesis: history, clinical implications and controversies.

The main function of the immune system is to protect against infectious pathogens and to ensure tissue homeostasis. The latter function includes preventing autoimmune reactions, tolerizing cells to nonpathogenic environmental microorganisms, and eliminating apoptotic/damaged, transformed, or neoplastic cells. The process of carcinogenesis and tumor development and the role of the immune system in inhibiting progression of cancer have been the subject of intense research since the end of the 20 century and resulted in formulation of the cancer immunoediting hypothesis.

Therapeutic metastatic prostate cancer vaccines: lessons learnt from urologic oncology.

Introduction: Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been recognized as a promising treatment option in clinical oncology for nearly three decades. However, despite many efforts, only one cancer vaccine - sipuleucel-T, activating the anti-PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) immune response, has obtained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.

Material And Methods: This review describes the most advanced research on the use of therapeutic cancer vaccines in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Comparative Study of Immunomodulatory Agents to Induce Human T Regulatory (Treg) Cells: Preferential Treg-Stimulatory Effect of Prednisolone and Rapamycin.

T regulatory (Treg) cells play a critical role in the maintenance of self-tolerance, as well as in inhibition of inflammation and exaggerated immune response against exogenous antigens. They develop in the thymus (tTreg cells) but also may be generated at the peripheral tissues, including tumor microenvironment (pTreg cells), or induced in vitro in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (iTreg cells). Since tTreg cells constitute a minor fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes in physiological conditions, an alternative way to obtain high number of functional Treg cells for therapeutic purposes is their generation in vitro from conventional T cells.

Callitriche cophocarpa biomass as a potential low-cost biosorbent for trivalent chromium.

The present study focused on the use of the dry mass of the macrophyte Callitriche cophocarpa as an effective biosorbent for chromium removal from concentrated solutions, typical for industrial effluents. In order to evaluate the usability of C. cophocarpa as the Cr(III) sorbent, its detailed physicochemical characterization has been performed as well as the preliminary adsorption studies.

Synergistic antitumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor scriptaid and bortezomib against ovarian cancer cells.

Despite debulking surgery and good initial response to chemotherapy, the majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer relapse and succumb to their disease. Thus, there is a pressing need to improve treatment outcome. In the present study, the antitumor activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor scriptaid in combination with bortezomib or conventional chemotherapeutics was tested in vitro against representative ovarian cancer cell lines: SKOV‑3, MDAH 2774, and OVP‑10.