[Cataract surgery 220 years ago].

The author reports on the first 14 cataract extractions performed by Karl Kaspar von Siebold, a Würzburg surgeon, in 1766/67. He used Daviel's method. At that time there was no anesthesia, no sterility or even antisepsis, and no optical correction of aphakia for his patients.

[Pallor of the optic papilla--an early sign of glaucoma. A clinical controlled study of optic disk pallor and papillar cupping in glaucoma simplex, ocular hypertension and normal eyes with the optic nerve head analyzer].

Double examinations of 99 eyes (34 healthy, 12 with ocular hypertension, 53 with primary open-angle glaucoma) were performed with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer to evaluate whether an increase in disk pallor or in the cup-disk ratio (CDR) is the earlier sign of glaucoma. In eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma the CDR and the mean optic disk pallor value are significantly higher than in healthy eyes. There is no significant difference in the CDR of patients with ocular hypertension as compared to normals.

Long-term studies of visual field changes by means of computerized perimetry (Octopus 201) in eyes with glaucomatous field defects after normalization of the intra-ocular pressure.

Unlabelled: 126 eyes with open-angle glaucoma and defects of the visual field were studied over five years (+/-1.3) by repeated perimetries with Octopus Perimeter, Program 31, after the IOP had been normalized from 26.49 mm Hg to 19 mm Hg.

[Optic papilla parameters in healthy subjects--quantified with the optic nerve head analyzer].

The cup-disk ratio (CDR), the size of the neuroretinal rim area as well as the other disk parameters investigated with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer (ONHA) were measured in double examinations of 32 healthy eyes in 32 patients. Thus, "normal" values were determined for the various disk parameters. A new method is presented for calculating one average pallor value for the disk.