A Screen of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant Extracts Reveals 17 Species with Antimicrobial Properties.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat that undermines the effectiveness of global healthcare. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have identified numerous microbial organisms, particularly members of the ESKAPEE pathogens, as critical threats to global health and economic security. Many clinical isolates of these pathogens have become completely resistant to current antibiotics, making treatment nearly impossible.

Down, set, spread: The association between college football and COVID-19.

Objectives: Before the Fall 2020 semester, college presidents and the NCAA made decisions about playing college football. The current study aims to examine the association between college football games and COVID-19 infections at universities.

Participants: More than 1,800 college campuses nationwide from database on COVID-19 cases on college campuses.

How alcohol affects insulin-like growth factor-1's influences on the onset of puberty: A critical review.

Alcohol (ALC) is capable of delaying signs associated with pubertal development in laboratory animals, as well as in humans. The normal onset of puberty results from a timely increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which is associated with a gradual decline in prepubertal inhibitory influences, and the establishment of excitatory inputs that increase GnRH release, which together drive pubertal development. In recent years, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has emerged as a pivotal contributor to prepubertal GnRH secretion and pubertal development, whose critical actions are interfered with by ALC abuse.

IGF-1 Influences Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Regulation of Puberty.

The pubertal process is initiated as a result of complex neuroendocrine interactions within the preoptic and hypothalamic regions of the brain. These interactions ultimately result in a timely increase in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Researchers for years have believed that this increase is due to a diminished inhibitory tone which has applied a prepubertal brake on GnRH secretion, as well as to the gradual development of excitatory inputs driving the increased release of the peptide.