Photochemistry of 2-chloropyrimidine.

The photochemistry of 2-chloropyrimidine (ClPy) was investigated by means of nanosecond laser flash photolysis, HPLC, mass spectrometry, polarography and absorption spectroscopy. Two major products were formed on low-intensity UV irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) of ClPy in anaerobic aqueous solution: 2-hydroxypyrimidine (quantum yield approximately 0.01) and a compound identified as 2-chloro-4,2'-bipyrimidine (quantum yield approximately 0.

Identification of candidate genes for psychosis in rat models, and possible association between schizophrenia and the 14-3-3eta gene.

Although the genetic contribution to schizophrenia is substantial, positive findings in whole-genome linkage scans have not been consistently replicated. We analyzed gene expression in various rat conditions to identify novel candidate genes for schizophrenia. Suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH), with polyA mRNA from temporal and frontal cortex of rats, was used to identify differentially expressed genes.

Intermediates in the oxidation of a dihydropyridine derivative of AZT related to AIDS dementia, studied by nanosecond laser photolysis.

Radicals of the AZT derivative 5'-(1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinylcarbonyl)-3'-azido-2',3'-dideo xythymidine) were obtained on exposure of this compound in alkaline aqueous solution to pulsed laser emission of lambda = 355 nm and pulsewidth 2 ns FWHM. The radical formation was shown to be due to photoelectron ejection from the pyridine group following two-step excitation of the compound. The radicals were found to deprotonate rapidly.

Electrochemical reduction products of azido nucleosides, including zidovudine (AZT): mechanisms and relevance to their intracellular metabolism.

Previous studies on electrochemical reduction of the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (Zidovudine, AZT) and several of its analogues, have been extended to 2'-AZdT and two of the intracellular metabolites of AZT, the 5'-O-glucuronide (GAZT) and the 5'-phosphate (AZTMP). Also investigated were azido nucleosides with aglycons susceptible to electrochemical reduction, cytosine and adenine. The surface activities of these compounds at the mercury electrode were examined.