Advances on the Role of Lung Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Era of Single-Cell Genomics.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation. The diverse pathogenic mechanisms underlying COPD progression remain incompletely understood. Macrophages, serving as the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, constitute the first line of innate immune defense and maintain pulmonary immunological homeostasis.

Performance of Risk-Stratification Scores for Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.

Guidelines recommend risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients to guide management. There are currently several risk stratification scores available, which have largely been validated in various pulmonary hypertension registries in the West but not in Asia. We aim to study the performance of these different risk scores in PAH patients from a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Carbon nitride grafted with single-atom manganese and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine: A visible-light-driven photocatalyst for enhanced ozonation of organic pollutants.

The development of durable and highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts is essential for the photocatalytic ozonation process towards degrading organic pollutants. This study presents CN-MA, a novel photocatalyst synthesized by grafting carbon nitride (CN) with single-atom Mn and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDMP) via one-step thermal polymerization. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculation results reveal that incorporating single-atom Mn and HDMP into CN alters the charge density distribution on the heptazine rings.

Systematic druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies therapeutic targets for hyperemesis gravidarum.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), excessive vomiting in pregnancy, occurs in 0.3-10.8% of pregnancies and is associated with maternal and fetal morbidity.

American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the diagnosis and management of GERD: summary and recommendations.

This clinical practice guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) provides an evidence-based approach for strategies to diagnose and manage GERD. This document was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework and serves as an update to the 2014 ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of GERD. This updated guideline addresses the indications for endoscopy in patients with GERD as well as in the emerging population of patients who develop GERD after sleeve gastrectomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy.