Developmental effects of siloxane exposure in zebrafish: A comparison study using laboratory-mixed and environmental water samples.

Siloxanes are used in personal care, biomedical, and industrial products. Their worldwide use and persistence in the environment cause consistent exposure for both humans and aquatic animals. Two siloxane congeners, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS 541-02-6) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4; CAS 556-67-2), are among the most prevalent, with measurable levels in air, sediment, water, and biological samples.

Moderate- and High-Intensity Exercise Improves Lipoprotein Profile and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Healthy Young Men.

Background Exercise is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are thought to contribute to these benefits, but much of the research in this area has been limited by lack of well-controlled subject selection and exercise interventions. We sought to study the effect of moderate and high-intensity exercise on HDL function, lipid/lipoprotein profile, and other cardiometabolic parameters in a homogeneous population where exercise, daily routine, sleep patterns, and living conditions were carefully controlled.

Suppression of the ABCA1 Cholesterol Transporter Impairs the Growth and Migration of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy with over 80% of cases already disseminated at diagnosis and facing a dismal five-year survival rate of 35%. EOC cells often spread to the greater omentum where they take-up cholesterol. Excessive amounts of cholesterol can be cytocidal, suggesting that cholesterol efflux through transporters may be important to maintain homeostasis, and this may explain the observation that high expression of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) cholesterol transporter has been associated with poor outcome in EOC patients.

Increased ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1)-Specific Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Schizophrenia.

Objective: Patients with schizophrenia have increased long-term mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease and commonly demonstrate features of mixed dyslipidemia with low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The removal of cholesterol from cells by HDL via specific ATP-binding cholesterol transporters is a major functional property of HDL, and its measurement as cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) can predict cardiovascular risk. Whether HDL function is impaired in patients with schizophrenia is unknown.

TRAIL-Expressing Monocyte/Macrophages Are Critical for Reducing Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.

Circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels are reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease, and TRAIL gene deletion in mice exacerbates atherosclerosis and inflammation. How TRAIL protects against atherosclerosis and why levels are reduced in disease is unknown. Here, multiple strategies were used to identify the protective source of TRAIL and its mechanism(s) of action.