Propane-1,2-diols from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA): from plastic waste to chiral bulk chemicals.

The preparation of racemic or enantioenriched propane-1,2-diol from dilactides, oligolactides, or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is described. The transformation is carried out as tandem reactions in MeOH, covering hydrolysis and subsequent hydrogenation by using copper chromite as a catalyst. The starting material present undesired side products of the PLLA synthesis or PLLA waste.

CD4+ T cells migrate into inflamed skin only if they express ligands for E- and P-selectin.

Previous data suggested a role of endothelial selectins in skin homing of lymphocytes. In the current study, we have analyzed the expression and functional role of E-and P-selectin ligands on CD4+ T cells induced in vivo upon skin sensitization, using soluble selectin-Ig chimera and blocking Abs. Only low numbers of CD4+ cells expressing significant levels of E- or P-selectin ligands were present in s.

The migratory behavior of murine CD4+ cells of memory phenotype.

Lymphocyte differentiation is connected with profound alterations in the migratory pattern of lymphocytes. Whereas naive cells predominantly recirculate through lymphoid tissues, activated lymphocytes acquire an increased preference for immigration into non-lymphoid tissues and a reduced capacity for recirculation via high endothelial venules (HEV). A variety of data had indicated that memory-related subpopulations of cells in man and sheep, classified by the low expression of the CD45RA isotype, also lack the capacity to recirculate via HEV.

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on T helper 1 but not on T helper 2 cells binds to P-selectin and supports migration into inflamed skin.

We have shown recently that mouse Th1 cells but not Th2 cells are selectively recruited into inflamed sites of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction of the skin. This migration was blocked by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against P- and E-selectin. Here we show that Th1 cells bind to P-selectin via the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1).

The effect of potassium, calcium and magnesium concentration on insulin and glucagon secretion of the perfused dog pancreas.

The effect of different potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in the perfusate on the hormone secretion of the isolated dog pancreas was investigated. A potassium concentration above 15 mMol/l shortly stimulates the insulin and glucagon secretion. Potassium ions (greater than or equal to 15 mMol/l) completely inhibit the early phase of glucose-induced insulin release.