Susceptibility map-weighted MRI can distinguish tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease from essential tremor.

Distinguishing between Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) can be challenging sometimes. Although positron emission tomography can confirm PD diagnosis, its application is limited by high cost and exposure to radioactive isotopes. Patients with PD exhibit loss of the dorsal nigral hyperintensity on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Research on optimizing the scope of impact considering decomposition products in the event of a nitric acid spill chemical accident.

As the size of the chemical industry increases, chemical accidents continue to occur as the handling volume of chemicals also increases. Currently, in the case of a chemical accident, the prediction of the scope of influence mainly analyzes the scope of the impact on a single substance in the accident and does not consider the scope of the decomposition and reaction products. Nitric acid, one of the many chemical accidents, produces nitrogen dioxide, which is harmful when decomposed.

Li-ion transport in two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes.

The growing demand for lithium, driven by its critical role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and other applications, has intensified the need for efficient extraction methods from aqua-based resources such as seawater. Among various approaches, 2D channel membranes have emerged as promising candidates due to their tunable ion selectivity and scalability. While significant progress has been made in achieving high Li/Mg selectivity, enhancing Li ion selectivity over Na ion, the dominant monovalent cation in seawater, remains a challenge due to their similar properties.

A Case of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Caused by a Lacrimal Sac Retention Cyst.

Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction may result from chronic infection, lacrimal stones, anatomical variations such as aberrant ethmoid cells, facial fractures, or complications following nasal surgery. In Korea, there has been no reported case of secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to a retention cyst in the lacrimal sac. Recently, the authors encountered a 65-year-old female patient who presented with epiphora, was diagnosed with a lacrimal sac retention cyst, and was successfully treated with endoscopic marsupialization.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.