Investigation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides that exhibit soybean crop selectivity.

The sustainable control of weed populations, particularly resistant species, is a significant challenge in agriculture around the world. The α-aryl-keto-enol (aryl-KTE) class of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides represent a possible solution for the control of resistant grasses even though achieving crop selectivity remains a challenge. Herein, we present some of our investigations into identifying the most promising structural features within the aryl-KTE class that give the highest chance of achieving soybean crop selectivity, whilst also maintaining strong and broad efficacy against problematic weed species.

A Study in Scaffold Hopping: Discovery and Optimization of Thiazolopyridines as Potent Herbicides That Inhibit Acyl-ACP Thioesterase.

In the search for new chemical entities that can control resistant weeds by addressing novel modes of action (MoAs), we were interested in further exploring a compound class that contained a 1,8-naphthyridine core. By leveraging scaffold hopping methodologies, we were able to discover the new thiazolopyridine compound class that act as potent herbicidal molecules. Further biochemical investigations allowed us to identify that the thiazolopyridines inhibit acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (FAT), with this being further confirmed via an X-ray cocrystal structure.

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: Investigating individual incisor disease patterns using radiological classification.

Background: Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a destructive, painful and underdiagnosed dental disorder. Radiography is necessary to fully assess the disease as early stages occur on clinically normal teeth.

Objectives: To investigate the distribution pattern of appearance of EOTRH within the incisor arcade.

MIF but not MIF-2 recruits inflammatory macrophages in an experimental polymicrobial sepsis model.

Excessive inflammation drives the progression from sepsis to septic shock. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is of interest because MIF promoter polymorphisms predict mortality in different infections, and anti-MIF antibody improves survival in experimental models when administered 8 hours after infectious insult. The recent description of a second MIF superfamily member, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2), prompted closer investigation of MIF-dependent responses.