Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiome of Older Adults.

Recent evidence suggests that exercise/physical activity (PA) can beneficially alter the gut microbiome composition of young people, but little is known about its effects in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize results of human studies that have assessed the effects/associations of PA/exercise on the gut microbiome of older adults and to better understand whether this can help promote healthy ageing. Seven studies were included in the review and overall, exercise and increased amounts of PA were associated with decreases in the abundance of several well-known harmful taxa and increases in the abundance of health-promoting taxa.

How to eat, drink and speak on non-invasive ventilation.

We report our observations on six individuals with non-bulbar neuromuscular disorders using non-invasive ventilation (NIV), who were able to maintain adequate hydration and nutrition orally despite being ventilator-dependant. All had severe respiratory muscle weakness, with a vital capacity less than 500 mL and cough peak flow rate less than 250 L/min. Their median (range) age was 49 (23-64) years; they had been on NIV for 8 (2-24) years.

A retrospective cohort study of idiopathic diaphragmatic palsy: a diagnostic triad, natural history and prognosis.

Background: Isolated diaphragmatic palsy in the absence of progressive neuromuscular disease is uncommon. It poses diagnostic challenges and limited data are available regarding prognosis. We present retrospective cohort data from two large teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom.

Long-Term Survival on Noninvasive Ventilation in Adults With Thoracic Scoliosis.

Background: Subjects with thoracic scoliosis were an important group in early studies of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). The aim of this study was to describe current rates of initiation of NIV and survival after initiation in this population.

Methods: This study included patients identified as having thoracic scoliosis and established between 1993 and 2018 on home NIV.

Correction of Paradoxical Ribcage Motion in Scoliosis by Noninvasive Ventilation.

Study Design: Observational study of ribcage motion in scoliosis.

Objective: To see whether noninvasive ventilation corrected paradoxical inward motion of the ribs during inspiration.

Summary Of Background Data: Paradoxical inward motion of the ribs is observed after rib fractures, low cervical cord injury, and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.