Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Focused Review for the Cardiologist.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, nonatherosclerotic, and noninflammatory arterial disease that affects small- to medium-sized arteries that can result in multifocal aneurysms, stenosis, tortuosity, and dissections. Extracoronary FMD has been identified in approximately 70% of SCAD patients and it is recommended that all SCAD patients undergo screening for FMD once in their lifetime using computed tomography angiography from head to pelvis.

Retinal Migraine: Evaluation and Management.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to summarize the last 15 years of literature and case reports detailing retinal migraine-an uncommon and somewhat poorly understood migraine variant.

Recent Findings: In the last 15 years, only 12 cases of retinal migraine have been outlined. Similar to other migraine statistics, retinal migraine appears to affect women more so than men and presents with unilateral headache which tends to be ipsilateral to the side of vision loss.

An Approach to Identifying Headache Patients That Require Neuroimaging.

Headache is one of the most common clinical scenarios faced by a neurologist or neurologist in training. However, the decision process on when to complete neuroimaging can be difficult in clinical practice. This article focuses on a well-organized and evidence-based approach to identify patients with headache that require neuroimaging and will lend confidence to the clinician faced with these scenarios in clinical practice.