Diagnostics and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children - Guidelines of the Polish National Scientific Societies, 2024 Update.

The rapid progress made in recent years in thyroid cancer research has necessitated the systematic updating of current clinical recommendations. This update presents the evidence-based management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma in children, including preoperative diagnostics, surgical management, radioiodine therapy in DTC treatment with L-thyroxine, disease monitoring, treatment of advanced disease, and finally, consequences of thyroid cancer treatment. Each recommendation is evaluated regarding its strength (Strength of Recommendation; SoR) and the quality of supporting data (QoE - Quality of Evidence).

Thyroid cytology in pediatric patients: a single-center study from 2015 to 2023-is there a necessity for distinct treatment approaches for patients with and without autoimmune thyroiditis?

The management of thyroid nodules is guided by the cytological classification provided by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology. Notably, the biology of thyroid tumors in pediatric patients differs from that in adults, and there is limited research focused on pediatric cases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Bethesda system in pediatric patients treated at the largest tertiary pediatric thyroid center in Poland between 2015 and 2023.

Optimality and Noise Resilience of Critical Quantum Sensing.

We compare critical quantum sensing to passive quantum strategies to perform frequency estimation, in the case of single-mode quadratic Hamiltonians. We show that, while in the unitary case both strategies achieve precision scaling quadratic with the number of photons, in the presence of dissipation this is true only for critical strategies. We also establish that working at the exceptional point or beyond threshold provides suboptimal performance.

Ultrasound-Histopathological Presentation of Thyroid and Ovary Lesions in Adolescent Patients with DICER1 Syndrome: Case Reports and Literature Overview.

Background: DICER1, a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS), seems to escape timely diagnosis in pediatric patients. Case report 1: A 16-year-old female patient was referred to the endocrinology ward due to a large goiter. Her medical history indicated normal sexual maturation, with menarche occurring at 13.