Cellular sodium membrane transport and cardiovascular risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Association have been described between cardiovascular risk factors and abnormalities of both sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) and sodium-hydrogen ion exchange in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The data in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are few and more conflicting. This investigation examines erythrocyte SLC rates and platelet sodium-hydrogen ion-exchange kinetics and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in 45 nondiabetic and 35 NIDDM white men.

Evidence of impaired glomerular charge selectivity in nondiabetic subjects with microalbuminuria: relevance to cardiovascular disease.

Microalbuminuria is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Loss of glomerular charge selectivity may explain the development of microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects. The primary population in this cross-sectional study was 124 subjects aged 40 to 75 years without glucose intolerance and with a previous (3 years before the present study) urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) in the normal (<20 microgram/min) or microalbuminuric (>20 microgram/min) range.

Lipoprotein(a) is not elevated in non-diabetic microalbuminuric subjects. A longitudinal study of lipoprotein(a) concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) size isoforms.

Microalbuminuric non-diabetic subjects have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease which is not explained by standard risk factors. In diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is associated with increased lipoprotein(a) concentrations. We have determined lipoprotein(a) concentrations and duplicate measures of albumin excretion rate, on two occasions separated by around 3 years, in 125 Europid subjects aged 40-75 years without hypertension or glucose intolerance and in 49 offspring aged 15-40 years.

Longitudinal study of associations of microalbuminuria with the insulin resistance syndrome and sodium-lithium countertransport in nondiabetic subjects.

Microalbuminuria in diabetic patients is associated with ischemic heart disease and insulin resistance. We previously found a 9% prevalence of microalbuminuria in a nondiabetic population that we have reassessed, investigating associations of microalbuminuria with hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and sodium-lithium countertransport. Of 125 subjects reexamined, 42 had been microalbuminuric 3 years previously.

Insulin resistance and not hyperinsulinaemia determines erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Insulin resistance and increased erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport activity are well documented in subjects with essential hypertension, raising the question whether compensatory hyperinsulinaemia might be responsible for activating Na+/Li+ countertransport. We measured Na+/Li+ countertransport in 63 non-nephropathic non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (36 hypertensive, 27 normotensive), finding no correlation with fasting levels of insulin (r = 0.074, P = 0.