Trends in California Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: Sex-Race/Ethnicity Disparity and Income Inequality.

Objective: To examine the cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related death trends and the relationship between CVD deaths and sex, race/ethnicity, and income in California from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2021.

Methods: The age-adjusted death rate (AADR) per 100,000 population attributable to ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and heart failure (HF), stroke, and CVD combined were calculated using CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) for California, 1999 to 2021. We used a joinpoint log-linear regression model to determine trends in CVD death.

Off-duty deviance: Organizational policies and evidence for two prevention strategies.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that organizations are increasingly concerned with employee off-duty deviance (ODD), yet management research has rarely investigated this type of deviant behavior. We define ODD as behaviors committed outside the workplace or when off-duty that are deviant by organizational and/or societal standards, jeopardize the employee's status within the organization, and threaten the interests and well-being of the organization and its stakeholders. Three studies are presented to better understand the relevance of ODD to modern organizations and then to understand potential approaches to reduce the incidence of ODD.