[Depressive disorders and conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. Prevalence, course, and risk factors].

Mental disorders belong to the most frequent disorders in the community and lead to noticeable functional impairments. The lifetime prevalence of clinical depression (ICD-10 diagnoses F33, F34) up to age 25 is 12.7%, showing a female-male ratio of 2:1.

[Cognitive behavior therapy treatment approaches in non-dyssocial school refusal: school phobia and school anxiety].

The study provides an overview of current cognitive-behavioral interventions to treat school-refusal in children and adolescents. First of all we define the problem area and describe the standard of knowledge about prevalence, course and risk factors. The main focus of our work is presented by psychotherapeutic treatments of school phobia and school anxiety.

Behavioral sequelae of perinatal insults and early family adversity at 8 years of age.

Objective: This prospective longitudinal study investigated the simultaneous impact of early biological and psychosocial risk factors on behavioral outcome at school age.

Method: A cohort of 362 children born between 1986 and 1988 with different biological (perinatal insults) and psychosocial risk factors (family adversity) was followed from birth to school age. When their children were aged 8 years, parents of 89.

A train passenger with pulmonary tuberculosis: evidence of limited transmission during travel.

In January 1996, smear- and culture-positive tuberculosis (TB) was diagnosed for a 22-year-old black man after he had traveled on two U.S. passenger trains (29.

Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from tuberculosis patients with HIV infection or AIDS.

Contacts exposed to tuberculosis patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were compared with contacts of HIV-negative patients for evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, based on a review of records of tuberculin skin tests administered during routine health department follow-up investigations in Miami/Dade County, Florida, from 1985 through 1989. After an adjusted analysis designed to balance background prevalence, tuberculin positivity was 42.0% in 2,158 contacts of HIV-negative patients compared with 28.