Associations between human milk EV-miRNAs and oligosaccharide concentrations in human milk.

Introduction: Human milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are key bioactive components. HMOs are indigestible carbohydrates that impact infant growth and development. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression.

tRNA-derived RNAs in human milk extracellular vesicles and associations with breastfeeding variables and maternal diet.

Aims: To describe tDRs in human milk EVs and their associations with maternal body mass index, age, dietary indices, breastfeeding frequency, season and time of milk collection in a Latina population.

Materials & Methods: We sequenced small RNAs from EVs from 109 mature human milk samples collected at 1 month after delivery in the Southern California Mother's Milk Study. We grouped tDRs using hierarchical clustering and clusters were compared across tDR characteristics.

Meta-analysis of predictors of healthcare-associated infection.

Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies ( = 3,905,559) identified gastric acid suppressants, recent hospitalization, antibiotic exposure, and certain comorbidities as independent predictors of healthcare-associated infection (HA-CDI) among adult inpatients. Targeted antibiotic stewardship and judicious use of gastric acid suppressants can reduce the incidence of HA-CDI.

Post-Amputation Pain: Combined Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating Opioids and Gabapentinoids versus Placebo.

Background: An estimated 185,000 patients per year undergo an extremity amputation in the United States (over 500 amputations/day). Prolonged postoperative opioid use, defined as the presence of a filled opioid prescription between 90 and 180 days following the operative amputation procedure, affects nearly 50% of amputees. Moreover, the use of preoperative benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is strongly linked to prolonged opioid use suggesting new therapeutic strategies are needed.

Ambient air pollution exposure is associated with liver fat and stiffness in Latino youth with a more pronounced effect in those with PNPLA3 genotype and more advanced liver disease.

Background: Exposure to ambient air pollutants has emerged as a risk for metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Objectives: We sought to examine associations between short-term (prior month) and long-term (prior year) ambient air pollution exposure with hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and liver stiffness in Latino youth with obesity. A secondary aim was to investigate effect modification by patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) genotype and liver disease severity.