Background: Data obtained from the National Hockey League (NHL) have shown that a risk prediction model, including both visible signs and mechanisms of injury, improves the identification of possible concussion. However, only about half of concussions diagnosed by club medical staff in the NHL exhibit visible signs. At present, the NHL concussion spotter protocol does not include central league spotters' subjective judgments of the severity of forces associated with a direct hit to the head (perceived force severity [PFS]) or whether players brace before a hit (bracing).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The identification of concussion risk factors, such as visible signs and mechanisms of injury, improves concussion identification. Exploring individual risk factors, such as concussion history, may help to improve existing concussion risk models and algorithms.
Objectives: The primary aim of the current study was to use machine learning techniques to develop a comprehensive, prospectively coded concussion risk model in professional hockey among players exhibiting visible signs.
Importance: A rule prohibiting a direct hit to the lateral side of the head (ie, Rule 48-Illegal Check to the Head) was introduced in the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 2010-2011 season and refined in the 2011-2012 season to widen the application to include direct contact to all areas of the head.
Objective: To compare the incidence and proportion of concussions that occurred following hits to the head before and after the implementation of Rule 48.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study used a before and after design to evaluate concussions among NHL players in regular season games.