Allogeneic cell interactions during graft rejection in Callyspongia diffusa (Porifera, Demospongia); a study with monoclonal antibodies.

Many aspects of the cellular immune system in the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa, have been defined by using artificially transplanted allogeneic tissues. Rejections show specificity of 'non-self' recognition, cytotoxic effector responses and short-term immunological memory. Histological investigations reveal a generalized mesohyl migration to the graft zone where archaeocytes line up at the allogeneic interface.

Allograft rejection, autograft fusion and inflammatory responses to injury in Callyspongia diffusa (Porifera; Demospongia).

Sponges exhibit a variety of swift, cellular defence responses to protect self integrity. The sponge Callyspongia diffusa has been used to characterize the cytological changes that occur during allograft rejection, autograft fusion, and inflammation. Allogeneic contact results in fusion of the two exopinacoderms followed by an infiltration of mesohyl cells into the graft zone.

Alloimmune memory is absent in Hymeniacidon sinapium, a marine sponge.

The southern California sponge Hymeniacidon sinapium can recognize and reject transplanted allogeneic tissues. This species reveals a complex rejection response that involves cellular infiltration into the graft interface and a deposition at that site of a fibrous wall. The response then proceeds to a cytotoxic reaction in which the cells in the graft zone become necrotic and slough off, resulting in allogeneic tissue separation.

Preparation of mouse type I and type II insulins for immunologic studies.

Mouse pancreata contain comparatively meager amounts of two insulin species, types I and II. When these insulins are to be prepared for immunogenetic studies, it is desirable to obtain equivalent amounts of both in concentrations suitable for immunization. Standard methods, based on isolating single species, favor recovery of one type.

Immunoglobulin-bearing blood leucocytes in the Pacific hagfish.

The occurrence of immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing leucocytes in the blood of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii , was examined using a murine monoclonal antibody (45.3) and a rabbit antiserum specific for hagfish serum Ig. Binding of antibody 45.