Automating hock wound detection in dairy cattle.

Hock scoring in dairy cattle is a crucial welfare assessment tool used to evaluate the condition of a cow's hocks, particularly for signs of injury, swelling, or lesions. These scores provide insight into the overall well-being of the animals and are essential for ensuring proper management and housing conditions. Accurate hock scoring is vital because it can indicate issues such as poor bedding quality or inadequate space, which directly affect the health and productivity of the herd.

A quasi-experimental study of general practices' referral to mammography in the post-trials treatment era.

Background: Improvements in breast cancer therapy since the randomized controlled trials of mammography screening might have reduced the screening benefit. Most observational studies of mammography effectiveness would be confounded by these improvements and other factors. Using a design resistant to this confounding, we evaluated whether mammography in asymptomatic women reduces breast cancer mortality during the treatment era succeeding the trials.

Reproducibility and Validity of Plant-Based Dietary Indices in the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Diet Assessment Substudy.

Background: The Overall Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), the Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and the Unhealthful Plant-based Diet Index (uPDI) are relatively new tools for characterizing the quality of plant-based dietary patterns in epidemiologic studies. Reproducibility and validity of these indices have not been assessed across populations.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of PDI, hPDI, and uPDI in a racially and ethnically diverse population.

Trends in US Pediatric Asthma Hospitalizations, by Race and Ethnicity, 2012-2020.

Introduction: Some racial and ethnic minority communities have long faced a higher asthma burden than non-Hispanic White communities. Prior research on racial and ethnic pediatric asthma disparities found stable or increasing disparities, but more recent data allow for updated analysis of these trends.

Methods: Using 2012-2020 National Inpatient Sample data, we estimated the number of pediatric asthma hospitalizations by sex, age, and race and ethnicity.

Length of Overnight Fasting and 6-year Weight Change in the Cancer Prevention Study-3.

Background: Longer overnight fasting (ONF) is a potential strategy for weight control. Although promising, the evidence from large population-based studies is limited.

Objectives: To examine the association of self-reported ONF duration with 3- and 6-y weight change in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-3 prospective cohort.