Astrocytic TIMP-1 regulates production of Anastellin, an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and FTY720 responses.

Astrocyte activation is associated with neuropathology and the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). TIMP1 is a pleiotropic extracellular protein that functions both as a protease inhibitor and as a growth factor. Astrocytes that lack expression of do not support rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (rOPC) differentiation, and adult global knockout () mice do not efficiently remyelinate following a demyelinating injury.

Binding and Dynamics Demonstrate the Destabilization of Ligand Binding for the S688Y Mutation in the NMDA Receptor GluN1 Subunit.

Encephalopathies are brain dysfunctions that lead to cognitive, sensory, and motor development impairments. Recently, the identification of several mutations within the -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) have been identified as significant in the etiology of this group of conditions. However, a complete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism and changes to the receptor due to these mutations has been elusive.

Astrocytic TIMP-1 regulates production of Anastellin, a novel inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and FTY720 responses.

Unlabelled: Astrocyte activation is associated with neuropathology and the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). TIMP1 is a pleiotropic extracellular protein that functions both as a protease inhibitor and as a growth factor. We have previously demonstrated that murine astrocytes that lack expression of do not support rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (rOPC) differentiation, and adult global knockout ( ) mice do not efficiently remyelinate following a demyelinating injury.

Potential distributions of pre-Columbian people in Tropical Andean landscapes.

Much has yet to be learned of the spatial patterning of pre-Columbian people across the Tropical Andes. Using compiled archaeological data and a suite of environmental variables, we generate an ensemble species distribution model (SDM) that incorporates general additive models, random forest models and Maxent models to reconstruct spatial patterns of pre-Columbian people that inhabited the Tropical Andes east of the continental divide, within the modern countries of Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador. Within this region, here referred to as the eastern Andean flank, elevation, mean annual cloud frequency, distance to rivers and precipitation of the driest quarter are the environmental variables most closely related to human occupancy.