Effect of duration and exogenous carbohydrate on gross efficiency during cycling.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 2.5 hours of cycling with and without carbohydrate supplementation on gross efficiency (GE). Trained cyclists (N = 15) were tested for V(.

Segmentation of bone CT images and assessment of bone structure using measures of complexity.

A nondestructive and noninvasive method for numeric characterization (quantification) of the structural composition of human bone tissue has been developed and tested. In order to quantify and to compare the structural composition of bones from 2D computed tomography (CT) images acquired at different skeletal locations, a series of robust, versatile, and adjustable image segmentation and structure assessment algorithms were developed. The segmentation technique facilitates separation from cortical bone and standardizes the region of interest.

Synthesis and evaluation of potential CT (computer tomography) contrast agents for bone structure and microdamage analysis.

The design and synthesis of several novel X-ray contrast agents 1-3, developed for targeting bone structures, and in particularly microcracks in bones, using CT (Computer Tomography) detection is described. These contrast agents are based on the use of the well known triiodobenzene platform, which was conjugated into one or more phenyliminodiacetate moieties, which can be used to 'lock' onto bone matrices. Compounds 1-3 were all tested for their ability to visualise cracks in bone structures (bovine bones) using micro-CT imaging.

Cancellous bone structure of iliac crest biopsies following 370 days of head-down bed rest.

Introduction: Static bone histomorphometry was applied to existing iliac bone sections originating from a 370-d 5 degrees head-down bed rest experiment. This bed rest experiment is the longest ever to have been conducted. We hypothesized that bed rest would decrease cancellous bone volume fraction and that this effect would be reversed by countermeasures.

Microdamage in bone: surface analysis and radiological detection.

Microdamage accumulation leads to reduced bone strength and fracture. Intact, damaged and Rose Bengal stained cortical bone specimens were studied using SEM and EDXA imaging. SEM coupled with EDXA studies showed selective labelling of surface damage due to binding of dye at free lattice sites.