Cerebellar tDCS Does Not Improve Learning in a Complex Whole Body Dynamic Balance Task in Young Healthy Subjects.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the cerebellum is of increasing interest as a non-invasive technique to modulate motor performance and learning in health and disease. Previous studies have shown that cerebellar tDCS facilitates reach adaptation and associative motor learning in healthy subjects. In the present study it was tested whether cerebellar tDCS improves learning of a complex whole body motor skill.

Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography: comparison of ultrasonic and anatomic sections.

Conventional 2-dimensional echocardiography has become a well-established tool for evaluating cardiovascular diseases. Recent introduction of 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has widened the ultrasonic examination possibilities of the heart and great arteries. The 6 standard transesophageal transducer positions that have proved representative and of diagnostic value are described.

[Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: a better presentation of intra-atrial structures].

In seven patients with suspected or detected abnormal intra-atrial structures on 2-dimensional echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography was diagnostic of left atrial myxoma in two, left atrial thrombus in two, cor triatriatum in two and right atrial membrane in one. The transoesophageal technique extends diagnostic possibilities. The accurate demonstration of atrial abnormalities in such cases by the transoesophageal technique obviates the need of invasive pre-operative angiographic and haemodynamic procedures.