Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a comprehensive review.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as fatty infiltration of the liver exceeding 5% to 10% by weight. It is a spectrum of disorders ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis without liver injury), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (steatosis with inflammation), and fibrosis/cirrhosis that resembles alcohol-induced liver disease but which develops in individuals who are not heavy drinkers. NAFLD is likely the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries.

Preliminary investigations of some derivatives of oxamniquine.

Oxamniquine is a potent schistosomicide used clinically in the treatment of infections due to Schistosoma mansoni. Although relatively well tolerated, some central nervous system (CNS) effects characterised by convulsions have been reported in a small proportion of the population receiving this drug. Oxamniquine, the major metabolite and the secondary alcohol have been screened for convulsant activity by assessing their ability to potentiate catechol induced seizures in urethane anaesthetised mice.

Gallstone obstruction of the colon. Thorough treatment prevents serious complications.

Formation of a fistula between the gallbladder and bowel may allow a gallstone to enter the intestinal tract. In the two cases described here, the colon was involved. The authors describe diagnosis and management of these cases and make treatment recommendations based on their experience.

Vitamin B12 deficiency. Important new concepts in recognition.

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops over a slowly progressive continuum. Early manifestations may be generalized weakness or fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, or depression. Pernicious anemia is considered the classic cause, but others include malabsorption because of achlorhydria or other gastric dysfunction, fish tapeworm infection, and strict vegetarianism.