Advancing respiratory virus diagnostics: integrating the nasal IFN-I score for improved viral detection.

Background: This study aimed to demonstrate the utility of the nasal Type I interferon (IFN-I) response as a marker for respiratory viral infections (RVIs) and its potential to enhance diagnosis when combined with first-line PCR tests for Influenza A/B, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from patients at Hospices Civils de Lyon (November 2022-April 2024) suspected of viral infections (n = 788) and from healthy controls (n = 53) were analysed. The IFN-I score was measured using the FILMARRAY® IFN-I pouch prototype, which detects four interferon-stimulated genes.

Staphylococcus aureus can use an alternative pathway to be internalized by osteoblasts in absence of β1 integrins.

Staphylococcus aureus main internalization mechanism in osteoblasts relies on a tripartite interaction between bacterial fibronectin-binding proteins, extracellular matrix soluble fibronectin, and osteoblasts' β1 integrins. Caveolins, and particularly caveolin-1, have been shown to limit the plasma membrane microdomain mobility, and consequently reduce the uptake of S. aureus in keratinocytes.

[Evaluate the host cellular immune response to better prevent and diagnose viral infections].

In medicine, virological diagnosis is mainly based on the detection of the viral genome and antigens, or on the identification of specific antibodies produced in response to infection. These strategies are suitable for characterizing an active infection or past contact with an already known virus. The recent development of tests for evaluating the host's cellular immune response opens new perspectives for personalized patient care based on immunomonitoring.

Combining SARS-CoV-2 interferon-gamma release assay with humoral response assessment to define immune memory profiles.

Objectives: In the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era, "breakthrough infections" are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti-Spike (S) immunoglobulin-G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T-cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.