[Recurrent Pulmonary Hemorrhages with Hemoptysis as a Result of Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) - An Attempt to Explain].

We present the case of an otherwise healthy 19-year-old student who has been affected by vocal cord dysfuntion (VCD) since she is fourteen. 3 years after that diagnosis she has also been coughing blood at an increasing rate (1-3 times per week). We postulate that the haemoptoe is the result of breathing against a closed airway which can lead to excessively high negative intrathoracic pressures.

Histamine can be Formed and Degraded in the Human and Mouse Heart.

Histamine is metabolized by several enzymes and . The relevance of this metabolism in the mammalian heart is unclear. However, histamine can exert positive inotropic effects (PIE) and positive chronotropic effects (PCE) in humans via H-histamine receptors.

Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats and therapeutic histamine H1 - H4 receptor inhibition.

Myocarditis, a life threatening disease, is still not adequately treated. Histamine plays an important role in physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. All four histamine receptors (HR - HR), are present in the heart.

Design, synthesis, and and characterization of 1-{4-[4-(substituted)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}guanidines and their piperidine analogues as histamine H receptor antagonists.

Previously, we have shown that 1-substituted-[4-(7-phenoxyheptylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]guanidine with electron withdrawing substituents at position 4 in the benzyl moiety exhibits high affinities toward the guinea pig jejunal histamine H receptor with p ranging from 8.49 to 8.43.