A Retrospective Observational Study of Rock-Climbing Injuries in Singapore.

Background Rock climbing is becoming increasingly popular in Singapore resulting in an increasing number of rock-climbing-associated injuries requiring surgery. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the demographics, mechanism, and extent of injuries in patients admitted following rock-climbing-related injuries over a seven-year period. Method All patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery between January 2017 and December 2023 with injuries related to rock-climbing accidents were recruited.

Role of Spirometry, Radiology, and Flexible Bronchoscopy in Assessing Chronic Cough in Children.

Chronic cough in children is a common and multifaceted symptom, often requiring a comprehensive approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This review explores the use of spirometry, radiology (chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans), and flexible bronchoscopy in the assessment of chronic cough in children through current guidelines and studies. The strengths, clinical indications, and limitations of each modality are examined.

Utilizing Plant Protein Secretion System for Pharmaceutical Protein Production.

Molecular farming, also known as plant molecular farming (PMF), is a technique that involves using plants and plant cells as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. This is a cost-effective and sustainable way of producing large quantities of proteins for various applications, including pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and industrial enzymes. An endogenous or exogenous signal peptide (SP) is flanked at the N-terminal for recombinant protein targeting and storage.

The key role of specific DSM-5 diagnostic criteria in the early development of alcohol use disorder: Findings from the RADAR prospective cohort study.

Background: Prevention and early intervention of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a public health priority, yet there are gaps in our understanding of how AUD emerges, which symptoms of AUD come first, and whether there are modifiable risk factors that forecast the development of the disorder. This study investigated potential early-warning-sign symptoms for the development of AUD.

Methods: Data were from the RADAR study, a prospective cohort study of contemporary emerging adults across Australia (n = 565, mean age = 18.