UV-induced reactive oxygen species and transcriptional control of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin biosynthesis in black sorghum pericarp.

Black pericarp sorghum has notable value due to the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DOAs), a rare class of bioactive polyphenols valued as antioxidant food additives and as bioactive compounds with cytotoxicity to human cancer cells. A metabolic and transcriptomic study was conducted to ascertain the cellular events leading to the activation of 3-DOA biosynthesis in black sorghum pericarp. Prolonged exposure of pericarp during grain maturation to high-fluence ultraviolet (UV) light resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of 3-DOA biosynthesis in pericarp tissues.

A model-informed clinical trial simulation tool with a graphical user interface for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Quantitative model-based clinical trial simulation tools play a critical role in informing study designs through simulation before actual execution. These tools help drug developers explore various trial scenarios in silico to select a clinical trial design to detect therapeutic effects more efficiently, therefore reducing time, expense, and participants' burden. To increase the usability of the tools, user-friendly and interactive platforms should be developed to navigate various simulation scenarios.

ω-3 PUFA for Secondary Prevention of White Matter Lesions and Neuronal Integrity Breakdown in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Older adults with lower intake and tissue levels of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6) have more brain white matter lesions (WMLs), an association suggesting that small-vessel ischemic disease, a major contributor to the development of dementia, including Alzheimer disease, may be preventable through ω-3 treatment.

Objective: To determine whether ω-3 treatment reduces WML accumulation in older adults without dementia harboring WMLs and with suboptimal ω-3 status.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with treatment stratification by apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE*E4) carrier status used linear mixed-effects models to estimate mean annual change between groups.

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy phenomic prediction can perform similarly to genomic prediction of maize agronomic traits across environments.

For nearly two decades, genomic prediction and selection have supported efforts to increase genetic gains in plant and animal improvement programs. However, novel phenomic strategies for predicting complex traits in maize have recently proven beneficial when integrated into across-environment sparse genomic prediction models. One phenomic data modality is whole grain near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which records reflectance values of biological samples (e.