Rhodium Catalyst Structural Changes during, and Their Impacts on the Kinetics of, CO Oxidation.

Catalysts can undergo structural changes during the reaction, affecting the number and/or the shape of active sites. For example, Rh can undergo interconversion between nanoparticles and single atoms when CO is present in the reaction mixture. Therefore, calculating a turnover frequency in such cases can be challenging as the number of active sites can change depending on the reaction conditions.

Stable and Active Oxidation Catalysis by Cooperative Lattice Oxygen Redox on SmMnO Mullite Surface.

The correlation between lattice oxygen (O) binding energy and O oxidation activity imposes a fundamental limit in developing oxide catalysts, simultaneously meeting the stringent thermal stability and catalytic activity standards for complete oxidation reactions under harsh conditions. Typically, strong O binding indicates a stable surface structure, but low O oxidation activity, and . Using nitric oxide (NO) catalytic oxidation as a model reaction, we demonstrate that this conflicting correlation can be avoided by cooperative lattice oxygen redox on SmMnO mullite oxides, leading to stable and active oxide surface structures.

Diurnal variation of intensive running in food-deprived rats.

Manipulation of the food supply can induce either intense hyperactive wheel running or a fatal activity anorexia in rats that is strongly analogous to that seen in humans. The abnormal behaviour is accompanied by alterations in the diurnal pattern of activity. As part of a detailed study of hyperactivity and anorexia, spontaneous wheel running by male rats was studied under three conditions: ad libitum feeding; restriction to 15 g of food per day; and restriction to a single 90-min meal per day.

The applied importance of research on the matching law.

In this essay, we evaluate the applied implications of two articles related to the matching law and published in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, May 1994. Building on Mace's (1994) criteria for increasing the applied relevance of basic research, we evaluate the applied implications of basic research studies. Research by Elsmore and McBride (1994) and Savastano and Fantino (1994) involve an extension of the behavioral model of choice.

Activity anorexia: An interplay between basic and applied behavior analysis.

The relationship between basic research with nonhumans and applied behavior analysis is illustrated by our work on activity anorexia. When rats are fed one meal a day and allowed to run on an activity wheel, they run excessively, stop eating, and die of starvation. Convergent evidence, from several different research areas, indicates that the behavior of these animals and humans who self-starve is functionally similar.