Highly efficient induction of protective immunity by a vaccinia virus vector defective in late gene expression.

Vaccinia viruses defective in the essential gene coding for the enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) do not undergo DNA replication and do not express late genes in wild-type cells. A UDG-deficient vaccinia virus vector carrying the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus prM/E gene, termed vD4-prME, was constructed, and its potential as a vaccine vector was evaluated. High-level expression of the prM/E antigens could be demonstrated in infected complementing cells, and moderate levels were found under noncomplementing conditions.

Temporary increase of plasma epinephrine affects stress responses 24 h later.

The impact of temporary (24 h) implantation of epinephrine tables on catecholamine responses to handling and immobilization 24 h later was investigated in rats. Free plasma epinephrine responded with an increase to both types of stress (77% and 326%, respectively) while controls showed a weaker response to immobilization. The basal level of free plasma norepinephrine was reduced (46% vs.

Detection and evaluation of persisting stress-induced hormonal disturbances by a post stress provocation test in humans.

Eighteen healthy army officers were subjected after prolonged rest to exhaustive ergometric work for about 15 minutes. Before and afterwards blood was taken from the cannulated antecubital vein for determination of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines, cortisol, glucose, and white blood cell count. One week later, the same procedure was repeated with the same subjects with the difference that the probands underwent about 2.

Critical comments on the classic concept of hypoglycemia induced epinephrine secretion.

Our experiments showed that a continuous chronic administration of norepinephrine (NE) to rats for 20 h by means of subcutaneously implantable retard tablets, led to a highly significant epinephrine(E) depletion of the adrenal medulla during normoglycemia. The rise of free plasma NE was accompanied by increased free plasma E values at 12 hours. At this time the liver contents of glycogen and free intracellular glucose showed their most pronounced decrease.

Norepinephrine triggers medullar epinephrine depletion during normoglycemia.

Our experiments did show that chronic 12 hours administration of norepinephrine (NE) to rats by means of subcutaneously implantable retard tablets, led to a highly significant epinephrine (E) depletion of the adrenal medulla during normoglycemia. The expected rise of free plasma NE at 6 and 12 hours was accompanied by increased free plasma E values at 12 hours. At this very time point the liver contents of glycogen and free intracellular glucose showed their most pronounced decrease.