Environmental fate and distribution of sodium [14C] pentachlorophenate in a section of urban wasteland ecosystem.

An urban terrestrial microecosystem has been used under outdoor conditions to study the transfer of chemical residues within the system components. The microecosystem consisted of soil monoliths obtained from a site with an established vegetation cover dominated by goldenrod, Solidago gigantea. The microecosystem contained integrated food chain elements composed of primary producers, herbivores and carnivores.

Uptake and accumulation of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate by earthworms from water and soil.

Toxicity values were obtained for pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other compounds in the standard OECD and EEC earthworm test. To help explain the uptake and bioaccumulation mechanisms of PCP which affect toxicity, experiments have been conducted using the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa. The experiments showed that radiolabelled PCP and its sodium salt, PCP-Na, were taken up rapidly by the earthworms during 24 h from aqueous solution (1 and 10 micrograms ml-1) in a limited volume (5 ml) to give a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2.

[Problems in the determination of small ethylenethiourea residue concentrations in plant crops].

It has been shown by residue analysis for ethylene thiourea in plant crops using gel and high performance liquid chromatography that residues are considerably reduced when the samples are macerated for extraction, and the plant juices are liberated. Consequently, residue values which are too low are obtained. Therefore, it is recommended, that only surface rinsing should be used.