Ruthenium ion catalysed C-C bond activation in lignin model compounds - towards lignin depolymerisation.

Lignin is the most abundant renewable feedstock to produce aromatic chemicals, however its depolymerisation involves the breaking of several C-O and C-C inter-unit linkages that connect smaller aromatic units that are present in lignin. Several strategies have been reported for the cleavage of the C-O inter-unit linkages in lignin. However, till today, only a few methodologies have been reported for the effective breaking or the conversion of the recalcitrant C-C inter unit linkages in lignin.

Comparative iron oxide nanoparticle cellular dosimetry and response in mice by the inhalation and liquid cell culture exposure routes.

Background: Toxicity testing the rapidly growing number of nanomaterials requires large scale use of in vitro systems under the presumption that these systems are sufficiently predictive or descriptive of responses in in vivo systems for effective use in hazard ranking. We hypothesized that improved relationships between in vitro and in vivo models of experimental toxicology for nanomaterials would result from placing response data in vitro and in vivo on the same dose scale, the amount of material associated with cells.

Methods: Balb/c mice were exposed nose-only to an aerosol (68.

Is field of study or location associated with college students' snacking patterns?

Objective. To compare on- and off-campus snacking patterns among college students pursuing degrees in health-related fields (HRFs) and nonhealth-related fields (NHRFs). Materials and Methods.

A pilot church-based weight loss program for African-American adults using church members as health educators: a comparison of individual and group intervention.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine a church-based intervention employing a 6-month pilot weight loss program as a strategy to improve health of African-American adults.

Design: A randomized trial design was used without a control group. Eligible church members were randomized into two groups: an intervention delivered in the group setting and an intervention delivered in the individual setting.

Using self-efficacy to predict weight loss among young adults.

Many healthcare professionals support the idea that weight control and healthy eating should be emphasized early in a person's life to prevent obesity during middle and older adulthood. Unfortunately, although many weight loss programs are available to consumers, few are successful. Recently, constructs of behavioral theories have been integrated into weight loss programs and used to promote changes in health behaviors.