Disposition and metabolism of ralfinamide, a novel Na-channel blocker, in healthy male volunteers.

Ralfinamide is an α-aminoamide derivative with ion channel blocking properties, acting both peripherally and centrally through different molecular targets important in pain control. Absorption, blood and plasma time courses, and urinary and faecal excretion of total radioactivity were assessed in 6 male healthy volunteers administered a single oral dose of 320 mg ¹⁴C-(S)-ralfinamide. Pharmacokinetics of the parent drug were investigated over 120 h, urinary and plasma metabolites up to 192 h post-dose.

German ambulatory care physicians' perspectives on continuing medical education - a national survey.

Introduction: This survey aimed to investigate German ambulatory physicians' opinions about mandatory continuing medical education (CME) and CME resources shortly before the introduction of mandatory CME in 2004.

Methods: A structured national telephone survey of general practitioners and specialists was conducted. Main outcome measures were opinions about mandatory CME, preferred CME media, and financial aspects of CME.

Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of avosentan in man.

Objective: Avosentan is a potent, selective endothelin A receptor blocker. The pharmacokinetics of avosentan were investigated in healthy male and female volunteers, following oral and i.v.

Influence of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of avosentan in man.

Objective: Avosentan is a potent, selective endothelin A receptor blocker. The effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of avosentan was investigated in healthy volunteers.

Methods: In a randomized, open-label, 2-period oral crossover study, 12 healthy subjects (8 males and 4 females) received Treatments A and B.

Influence of avosentan (SPP3OI) on the pharmacokinetics of a second generation oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel in healthy female volunteers.

Background: Avosentan (SPP301) is a potent and highly selective ETA receptor blocker and is clinically investigated in diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to evaluate whether avosentan influences the pharmacokinetics of steroid oral contraceptives.

Methods: During a run-in phase, 16 healthy females received an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol 0.